LaTeX

use \section{section name}  to create a section in the document.
use \subsection{}  to create a sub section
use \subsubsection{}  to create a sub sub section

\begin{document}
\maketitle

Documents are of many types, and they are defined by the class files. So, the default class is article.

Other documents are reports, chapters, letters, beamer, papers, proposals, etc.,

You have facility to create your own document class using the class files having the extension .cls

The default standard fonts in LaTeX are 10, 11, 12. However, short-range increase/decrease of fonts is possible.

The user details are: author name, date, title, sub-title, institution, logo etc.,

All of these come under the make title command. All these fields are not available for all class files. They vary for different class files.

Commands and Environment commands:
Commands in LaTeX start with the backslash symbol. eg: today, maketitle, makeindex etc.,

Environment commands start with backslash just like normal commands, but they occur in pairs. Environment commands create a region of special formats or special features within the document. They start with a begin and end with an end.
eg: begin document - end document, 

\end{document}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\tableofcontents

\newpage

\section{Para1}
Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! \\

Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! \\

\subsection{Para1:2}

Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! \\

Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! \\

Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! \\

Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! \\

Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! \\

Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! \\

Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! \\

Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! \\

\section{Para2}
I am in the second paragraph! \\

\section{Para3}
Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! \\

Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! \\

Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! \\

\subsection{para3:1}
Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! 

\subsubsection{para3:1:1} 
 
I am using TeXmaker for writing this document!\\

\section{Para4}
Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport!\\

\section{Para5}
Hello everyone! LaTeX was made/created by Leslie Lamport! \\
\end{document}

x^4 will type it in proper mode.
x^45 will type x^4 properly and 5 in the same line and size of x.
To avoid that, use {}
x^{45} will type it in proper mode.

x_4 will type it in proper mode.
x_45 will type x subscript 4 properly and 5 in the same line and size of x.
To avoid that, use {}
x_{45} will type it in proper mode.

eg: \pi for the Greek letter pi
 
\alpha
\beta
\gamma
\omega and so on.

eg: $A = \pi r^2$

eg \cos{} for the cosine function, \cosh{} for hyperbolic cosine. similar methods exist for other functions and inverse functions.

type \log{} for base 10 log function without 10 at the base
type \ln{} for natural log function without e at the base
type \log_{sub}{} for base sub log function with subscript eg: log base 3 or log base 4.5 etc.,

type \sqrt{} for regular square roots
type \sqrt[root]{} for other roots. eg: cube root, 4.5th root, etc.,

eg: \displaystyle{\frac{Nr}{Dr}}

$\frac{numerator}{denominator}$

$$3(\frac{2}{5})$$ will display 3*(2/5) with the () brackets being short.

eg: $$3\left(\frac{2}{5}\right)$$

eg: $\left\{25\right\}$

eg: \left. or \right.

$$3(1+[23])$$ will print 3(1+[23]).

${a,b,c}$ will print a,b,c alone without the brackets.

to solve this, use the backslash operator as follows,
$\{a,b,c\}$ will print {a,b,c} with brackets.

$3(\frac{2}{4})$ will print 3(2/4) but () brackets will be short and will not be printed to the size of the fraction.
 
to rectify this, use left and right functions as below
$3\left(\frac{2}{4}\right)$ will print 3(2/4) but the () brackets will grow large enough to cover the fraction.
this function is available for [] brackets as well.

$3\left\{\frac{2}{4}\right\}$

$|\frac{x}{x+1}|$ will print x/x+1 in proper notation within absolute symbol, but the size of the absolute symbol will be short and will not cover the fraction.

$$\left\{x^2\right\}$$ will print {x^2} in proper notation.
$$\left\{x^2\right.$$ will print {x^2 in proper notation. It will ignore the need for }
$$\left.\frac{dy}{dx}\right|_x=0$$ will print dy/dx in full fraction with | fully covering the derivative on the right with x=0 at the subscript in proper notation.

\pm symbol is used for plus or minus symbol

\approx is used for approximately equal symbol

\ne \ge \le is for not equal to, greater than or equal to, less than or equal to signs

\gg \ll is for greater, greater than and lesser, lesser than signs

\rightarrow \leftarrow \leftrightarrow are for arrow symbols

\times is for the large multiplication symbol

\LaTeX is for the LaTeX symbol

\cdots, \rdots, \ldots symbols for 3 continuous dots oriented in the centre, right and left.

Similarly there are \vdots and \ddots for vertical 3 dots and diagonal 3 dots

\infty for infinity symbol

\sum \prod for summation and product symbols

\int for integral symbol

\bynsca for 3 symbols of creative common license. Needs cclicense package to print them

The heron's formulae for the area of a triangle is given by $A = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)} $

For a quadratic equation, $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$, the solution of x is given by the notation: $$ x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 -4ac}}{2a}$$

$$ (a+b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2 $$
$$ (a+b)^3 = a^3 + 3a^2b + 3ab^2 + b^3$$

$$ (1-x)^{-1} = 1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + x^4 + .... $$

$U^{235}_{92}$ is radio active and naturally unstable!

$$ U^{35^{-45}}_{{45}_{-35}}$$

$$ u_{i+1,j} = u_{i,j} - \frac{c\Delta t}{\Delta x}[u_{i,j}-u_{i,j-1}]$$

$\alpha\ \beta\ \ \ \ \ \ \gamma\ \delta\ \Delta\ \Gamma$

$$ A = \pi r^2$$

$\Pi$

$$\Delta = \sqrt{b^2 -4ac}$$
$$ a = \sqrt[0.5]{b}$$

$$ \log{b} $$

$$ \ln{b} $$

$$ \log_{8}{64} = 2 $$

$ sin(A+B) = sin(A)cos(B) + cos(A)sin(B)$

$ \sin(A+B) = \sin(A)\cos(B) + \cos(A)\sin(B)$

$ \sin{A+B} = \sin{A}\cos{B} + \cos{A}\sin{B}$

$\cosh^2(A)$

$\frac{4}{5}$ means, you take 4 parts of something after it is divided into 5 equal parts.

$\displaystyle{\frac{4}{5}}$ means, you take 4 parts of something after it is divided into 5 equal parts.

$$ u_{i+1,j} = u_{i,j} - \left[\frac{c\Delta t}{\Delta x}\right][u_{i,j}-u_{i,j-1}]$$

$$ \left( \frac{c\Delta t}{\Delta x} \right)$$

$$ \left[ \frac{c\Delta t}{\Delta x} \right)$$

$$ \left( \frac{c\Delta t}{\Delta x} \right]$$

$$ \left. \frac{c\Delta t}{\Delta x} \right\rangle$$

$$ \left.\frac{dy}{dx}\right|_{x\rightarrow 0} = \frac{f(y+dy)-f(y)}{dx}$$

$ \pm \ \approx \ \ne \ \ge \ \le $

$ \cdots \ \ldots \ \vdots \ \ddots $

\begin{eqnarray*}
5x^2 + 3x &=& 7y^2 + 5y \\
3x &=& 5 \\
x^2 &\approx& \pm \sqrt{3}
\end{eqnarray*}

\begin{align*}
Equation 1 \\
Equation 2 ….
\end{align*}

\begin{eqnarray}
x^2 + 2x + 1 &=& (x+1)^2\\
%
x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x + 1 &=& \nonumber \\
(x+1)^3
% Use & for manual alignment
% The output will have the first equation numbered
% The equations will be aligned properly!
\end{eqnarray}

$$ x^2 + 2x + 1 = (x+1)^2 $$

$$ x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x + 1 = (x+1)^3 $$

\begin{eqnarray}
x^2 + 2x + 1 &=& (x+1)^2 \\
%
x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x + 1 &=& \\
(x+1)^3
% The equation will not have numbers
% Proper alignment
% The second equation will be in 2 lines.
\end{eqnarray}

$$ x^2 + 2x + 1 = (x+1)^2 $$

$$ x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x + 1 = 
(x+1)^3 $$

\begin{eqnarray*}
x^2 + 2x + 1 = (x+1)^2\\
x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x +1 = \\
\left[(x+1)^3\right]\\
\left[-(x+1)^3\right]\\
\left[(x+1)^3\right]\\
\end{eqnarray*}

\begin{align}
x^2 + 2x + 1 = (x+1)^2  \\
x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x +1 = \nonumber \\
(x+1)^3\\
\intertext{This is a set of identities in algebra}
\end{align}

\begin{align*}
x^2 + 2x + 1 &=& (x+1)^2\\
x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x +1 &=& \\
(x+1)^3
\intertext{This is a set of identities in algebra}
\end{align*}

\begin{align}
x^2 + 2x + 1 = (x+1)^2\\
x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x +1 = \nonumber\\
\left[(x+1)^3
-(x+1)^3
(x+1)^3\right]\intertext{This is a set of identities in algebra}
\end{align}

\documentclass{letter}
\address{all the contents of from address separated by \\ for line breaks}
\date{}
\signature{your name}
 
% All the above address and date are printed in the top right corner of the page. The signature comes below the body at the final greetings part.
% The contents below become left justified. Empty address is allowed.
 
\begin{document}
\begin{letter}
Address of the person referred to.
 
\opening{Dear sir, madam, sir, Hello...etc.,}
Contents of the letter
 
\closing{yours sincerely, etc.,}
\cc{}  % if any
\end{letter}
\end{document}

\documentclass[10pt, a4paper]{letter}

\usepackage[left=1in, right=1in, top=1in, bottom=1in]{geometry}

\signature{Arun Prasaad Gunasekaran}

\address{From: \\ Arun Prasaad Gunasekaran \\ Classified Address}

\date{31 August 2001, Bangalore}

\begin{document}

\begin{letter}{To: \\ John Doe \\ Unknown place \\ Unknown Street \\ City \\ Country}

\opening{Dear John Doe!}

\begin{center}
Subject : Want to meet you!
\end{center}

I want to know who you are! Are you a real person? Are you anonymous? Are you a product of fiction? Why are you so famous?

I want to meet you in person and have a chat!

If you get this letter, you know how to find me!

See you!

\closing{Yours Anonymously,}

\ps{PS: In case you are wondering, go to youtube and type my name! :p}

\encl{I have enclosed a few documents!}

\cc{To All youtube viewers} %Optional

\end{letter}

\end{document}

\begin{tabular}{args}
 
\end{tabular}

\begin{tabular}{rlcrlc}
contents
\end{tabular}

12345 & 67890 will print 12345 in column 1 and 67890 in column 2.
use \\ at the end of one line to go to the next column. \\ will introduce a forced line break.

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
$x$ & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5\\ \hline
$f(x)$ & 1 & 4 & 9 & 16 & 25\\ \hline
\end{tabular}

\multicolumn{N}{A}{C}
N = number of columns in a particular row to be merged from the right to form a cell
A = cell content alignment with or without |
C = cell content

\cline{n1-n2}

\begin{table} % avoid this command in beamer class. Use tabular directly
\centering
\caption{name1} % caption is usually put on top of the table
\label{name2} % label should be below the caption as it is the one that creates the table number.
\begin{tabular}
Contents
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

Table \ref{Tab1} has details of some houses in ASOIAF.

\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\caption{Details of Houses in ASOIAF}
\label{Tab1}
\begin{tabular}{|r|c|c|c|l|r|c|c|c|}
\hline
Sl.no & House & Kingdom & Sigil & Knightship & Leader & Weather & Origins & Capital \\\hline
1. & Stark & North & Direwolf & None & Eddard & Cold & First men & Winterfell\\\hline \hline
2. & Baratheon & Crownlands & Stag & Yes & Robert & Normal & Andals & King's Landing\\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

Table \ref{Tab1} has details of some houses in ASOIAF. Table \ref{Tab1} has details of some houses in ASOIAF.Table \ref{Tab1} has details of some houses in ASOIAF.

\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|r|r|l|c|}
\hline
Sl.no & House & Kingdom & Sigil \\\hline
1. & Stark & North & Direwolf \\\hline
2. & Baratheon & Crownlands & Stag \\\hline
3. & Blackfyre & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Not Applicable}\\\hline
4. & Targeryen & Valyria & Dragon\\
\cline{3-3}
 &  & Crownlands & \\ \hline 

\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline 
Sno & House & Leader & Captial & Sigil \\ 
\hline 
1 & Stark & Eddard & Winterfell & Direwolf \\ 
\hline 
2 & Martell & Doran & Dorne & Sun \\ 
\hline 
\end{tabular} 

\end{document}

for italicized words use, \textit{word}
for bold face words use, \textbf{word}
for small cap words use, \textsc{word}
for typewriter font use, \texttt{word} ! specifically used to distinguish normal fonts with web-page links.
for making a word look little larger than normal font use, \begin{large} word(s) \end{large}
for making a word look little larger than large font use, \begin{Large} word(s) \end{Large}

\newpage command for making a new page
\newline is used for a page break.

Select/envelop a group of text using {} brackets and put \color{colour name} to change the colour of the enveloped text/content. Works well in beamer. (to be checked in documents). For this option to work, add \usepackage{color} at the preamble!

Use \quad for tab spacing, \qquad for double tab spacing. Use them appropriately for extended spacing
Use \hspace{length} for horizontal spacing. Eg: \hspace{4cm}
To create a very small horizontal space, use \,
Use \vspace{length} for vertical spacing. Eg: \vspace{1ex} = size of 1 ex character ?! (needs check)
\hfill is used for filling the horizontal spaces
 
Paragraph and line indenting: Worst Case Situations:
Use \<space> \newline \\ in proper order for manipulate spacing and tabbing. Crude method, but can act as a quick fix

\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{graphicx}

\usepackage{color}
% For colours
\usepackage{latexsym}
% for some special symbols

\setlength{\parindent}{4em}
% Set the Paragraph indent
% 1 em means the length of 1 letter "m" in the current font size.
\setlength{\parskip}{1em}
% Set the distance between paragraphs
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{2.0}
% Set the line spacing. 2 means twice the normal spacing

\usepackage[left=2cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry}
\author{Arun Prasaad Gunasekaran}
\title{Text and Document Formatting}
\begin{document}
\maketitle

\tableofcontents

\section{Text Styles}
%\slshape %slant font
%\textsl{} % for a small content
%\textup{} %default font
%\upshape
%\itshape %italic font
%\textit{}

%\scshape % Capitalize
%\textsc{}
%\mdseries % default medium size
%\textmd
%\bfseries % Bold font
%\textbf{}

%\rmfamily % Regular roman font
%\textrm{}
%\sffamily % Sans Serif Font
%\textsf{}
%\ttfamily % Type writer font
%\texttt{}

%\rm %roman font
%\it % italic
%\em %emphasis
%\bf % bold
%\sl %slant 
%\sc %small caps
%\sf %Sans serif font
%\tt % type writer font

Text emphasis is given using \textbf{Commands (Like this!)} and \textit{functions (Like this!)}. The purpose of \textsc{Commands and functions (Like This!)} here, is to enable certain contents \textsf{distinguished} from other contents. These commands \textsl{enhance reading} as they make contents \texttt{stand out} uniquely!

\emph{This sentence is \emph{emphasized!}}

\color{red}

This sentence is in red!

\color{black}

%\itshape
You can change the text font as well. \textup{"This"} is the normal font! \textmd{"This"} is the medium size! \textrm{"This"} is the regular font family

Font sizes can be changed!\\ 
%\tiny Size\\ 
%\scriptsize Size \\
%\footnotesize Size \\
%\small Size\\
%\normalsize Size\\
%\large Size\\
%\Large Size\\
%\LARGE Size\\
%\huge Size\\
%\Huge Size\\

\section{Special Symbols}

\$ \% \# \{ \& \_ are special symbols. G\"ottingen

\t{oo}

\AA \oe \dag \ddag

\pounds   \copyright

$\pi \ \Pi$

$\sigma \ \Sigma$

$ \Xi \ \vartheta$

$\mathcal{F} \mathcal{L}$

$ x \not \ge y$

$ \pm \mp $

$ A \cap B$

$ \Delta ABC \equiv \Delta DEF$

$ A \gg B \  C \propto D$

$ \Longleftrightarrow $

$ \nabla \surd \partial$

$ \Box \ \Diamond$

$ \backslash $

$ \clubsuit \diamondsuit \heartsuit \spadesuit$

$ \int^b_a $

$\displaystyle{\oint \limits^b_a}$

$ \displaystyle{\lim \limits_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin{x}}{x} = 1}$

$ \vec{A} = a_1\vec{i} + a_2\vec{j} + a_3\vec{k}$

$ \lim \limits_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin{x}}{x} = 1$

$\lg \gcd$

\( \lim \limits_{n \rightarrow \infty} \)

$ \lim \limits_{n \rightarrow \infty}$

$$ \lim \limits_{n \rightarrow \infty}$$

\[ \lim \limits_{n \rightarrow \infty} \]

$$ \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} $$

\section{Document Formatting}

\subsection{Spacing}
Spacing is possible using the backslash command. For instance, if you want to write something like Zuckerberg and co.\ \ \ \ \ and proceed writing, you might see an additional space.

\hspace{5cm} hspace command is used for making a space horizontally. While \vspace{2cm} is used for making space vertically. 

\hfill Hfill command is used to fill the sentence accordingly, so that the right margin is fine!

\subsection{Document Symbols}
Quotations are easy! Use '' for quotations 'like this one' "or this one" For the quote to "open" and "close" properly, use reverse quotes ``Like this"\\

Use --- for a long dash! use \TeX and \LaTeX for TeX and LaTeX symbols.\\

For underlining, use \underline{Underline command}. For overhead and under-head symbols, use $\overbrace{O}  \underbrace{U}  \overbrace{\underbrace{B}} $

\section{Document sections}

\subsection{Foot notes}

To type a foot note, use "footnote" \footnote{This is a command for foot notes} option.

To write a paragraph, use paragraph command to name it

\subsection{Paragraphs and Subparagraphs}

\paragraph{Paragraph1}
This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. 

To write a sub-paragraph use sub-paragraph command
\subparagraph{Subpara1}
This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is \par paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1.

\subparagraph{Subpara}This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1. This is paragraph1.

paragraph and subparagraph are just titles!

par command is used for producing a new paragraph on the run. The indentation and spacing are set by the commands

\subsection{Quotes}

To write a quote, use begin quote (for a small one) and begin quotation (for a large one) environment.

\begin{quote}
Brevity is the soul of wit
\end{quote}

\begin{quotation}
I can write a very very very big quotation here!
\end{quotation}

\subsection{Poetry}

To write a poetry, use begin verse environment.

\begin{verse}
TWO roads diverged in a yellow wood,\\  
And sorry I could not travel both,\\    
And be one traveller, long I stood,\\   
And looked down one as far as I could,\\    
To where it bent in the undergrowth;\\
 
Then took the other, as just as fair,\\ 
And having perhaps the better claim,\\  
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;\\    
Though as for that the passing there\\  
Had worn them really about the same,\\

\hfill - Robert Frost
\end{verse}

\subsection{Description}

To add a description, use begin description environment.

\begin{description}
\item [stark] House with the sigil Direwolf
\item [lannister] House with the sigil Lion
\item [baratheon] House with the sigil Stag
\end{description}

This is repeatable using enumerate as well, but there is a difference!

\begin{enumerate}
\item [\textbf{stark}] House with the sigil Direwolf
\item [\textbf{lannister}] House with the sigil Lion
\item [\textbf{baratheon}] House with the sigil Stag
\end{enumerate}


\end{document}

$$ 

\begin{array}{clcr}

1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\
5 & 6 & 7 & 8

\end{array}

$$

\begin{tabbing}

Column 1 \= Column 2 \\
\= \= Column 5 
\end{tabbing}

$$\begin{matrix}
a & b & c \\
d & e & f & g \\
\end{matrix}$$

$$\begin{pmatrix}
a & a^2 & \cdots & a^n \\
b & b^2 & \cdots & b^n \\
\vdots & & \ddots \\
n & n^2 & \cdots & n^n
\end{pmatrix}$$

\usepackage{graphicx}

\usepackage{eps2pdf}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[size parameters]{figure_name.ext}
\caption{figure title}  % for figures, the caption/title is given, usually after the figure
\label{reference}        % the label should be given after caption.
\end{figure}

Width=5in, width=0.5\pagewidth, 0.7\pageheight, 0.8\linewidth % page width and line width apparently works for documents and beamer (possibly) 

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\begin{subfigure}{.5\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.8\linewidth]{image1}
\caption{1a}
\label{fig:sfig1}
\end{subfigure}%
\begin{subfigure}{.5\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.8\linewidth]{image2}
\caption{1b}
\label{fig:sfig2}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{plots of....}
\label{fig:fig}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

\begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\textwidth}
    I am in a Hot city, on top of a big mountain, with few trees, eating a banana on a starry evening, looking for a shooting star!
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.4\textwidth}
    I am in a Hot city, on top of a big mountain, with few trees, eating a banana on a starry evening, looking for a shooting star!
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.25\textwidth}
    I am in a Hot city, on top of a big mountain, with few trees, eating a banana on a starry evening, looking for a shooting star!
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.25\textwidth}
    I am in a Hot city, on top of a big mountain, with few trees, eating a banana on a starry evening, looking for a shooting star!
\end{minipage}

\begin{minipage}[t]{0.25\textwidth}
    I am in a Hot city, on top of a big mountain, with few trees, eating a banana on a starry evening, looking for a shooting star!
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.25\textwidth}
    I am in a Hot city, on top of a big mountain, with few trees, eating a banana on a starry evening, looking for a shooting star!
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.25\textwidth}
    I am in a Hot city, on top of a big mountain, with few trees, eating a banana on a starry evening, looking for a shooting star!
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.25\textwidth}
    I am in a Hot city, on top of a big mountain, with few trees, eating a banana on a starry evening, looking for a shooting star!
\end{minipage}

\fbox
{
    \begin{minipage}[t]{0.33\textwidth}
    I am in a snowy city, on top of a big mountain, with few trees, eating a banana on a starry evening, looking for a shooting star!
    \end{minipage}
}

\fbox
{
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.33\textwidth}
    I am in a Hot city, on top of a big mountain, with few trees, eating a banana on a starry evening, looking for a shooting star!
\end{minipage}
}
\hfill
\fbox
{
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.33\textwidth}
    I am in a Hot city, on top of a big mountain, with few trees, eating a banana on a starry evening, looking for a shooting star!
\end{minipage}
}

\chapter{Chapter name}

\chapter{Chapter name}
\input{Chapter file}
% Provided, the input file does not have a "chapter" command!

\include{Chapter file}
% Provided, the input file has a "chapter" command

\begin{verbatim}
code ...
\end{verbatim}

\usepackage{listings}

\begin{lstlisting}
Put your code here.
\end{lstlisting}

\lstinputlisting[language=Python, firstline=37, lastline=45, frame=single]{source_filename.py}

\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{color}

\definecolor{mygreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0}
\definecolor{mygray}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}
\definecolor{mymauve}{rgb}{0.58,0,0.82}

\lstset{ %
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% And use them separately
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@article{forget_1991,
  title={Improved general circulation models of the Martian atmosphere from the surface to above 80 km},
  author={Forget, Fran{\c{c}}ois and Hourdin, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Fournier, Richard and Hourdin, Christophe and Talagrand, Olivier and Collins, Matthew and Lewis, Stephen R and Read, Peter L and Huot, Jean-Paul},
  journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets (1991--2012)},
  volume={104},
  number={E10},
  pages={24155--24175},
  year={1999},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

\bibliographystyle{apalike} % This is a bibliography style

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There is a paper by a person named Forget \citep{forget_1991} on Martian Atmosphere GCM. Other papers, for instance, Gierasch \citep{gierasch1968study}, Conrath, \cite{conrath1975thermal} also explain some research topics on Mars.

\usepackage{natbib}